河南光伏發電的主要原(yuan)理是半(ban)導(dao)體的光(guang)電(dian)效(xiao)應。光(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)照(zhao)射到(dao)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)上時(shi)，它的能(neng)(neng)量(liang)可以被金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)某個電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)全部吸收(shou)，電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)吸收(shou)的能(neng)(neng)量(liang)足夠(gou)大，能(neng)(neng)克服金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)內(nei)部引力做功，離開金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)表面(mian)逃逸出來，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)光(guang)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。硅(gui)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有4個外層電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，如果(guo)在(zai)純(chun)硅(gui)中(zhong)摻(chan)入有5個外層電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如磷原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)N型半(ban)導(dao)體；若在(zai)純(chun)硅(gui)中(zhong)摻(chan)入有3個外層電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如硼原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)P型半(ban)導(dao)體。當(dang)(dang)P型和N型結合(he)在(zai)一起時(shi)，接觸面(mian)就會形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)勢差，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池。當(dang)(dang)太陽光(guang)照(zhao)射到(dao)P－N結后，空穴(xue)由(you)P極(ji)(ji)區往N極(ji)(ji)區移動，電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)N極(ji)(ji)區向P極(ji)(ji)區移動，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)流。